States > Cities. Governors command the state police, control the ICMS tax base, and run patronage networks that shape congressional voting. Top 5 states shown represent ~60% of GDP and ~55% of the national electorate.
Chamber of Deputies — 513 seats · percentages shown per segment
PT — Workers' Party
PSDB — Social Democracy
MDB/PMDB — Democratic Movement
Bolsonaro vehicle (PSL 2018 / PL 2022)
Pure Centrão (PP, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, DEM/União…)
Small ideological parties (PDT, PSB, PSol, PCdoB, PV…)
Presidency + top 5 state governors (party at election)
| Power seat |
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | 2022 |
Federal Senate — 81 seats (full composition)
Staggered renewal — Senate shifts lag 4–8 years behind the Chamber.
Parties winning seats in Chamber
2022 drop: new 1.5% threshold forced mergers — PSL+DEM → União Brasil.
The structural constant: Centrão + small parties have held 57–68% of Chamber seats in every election since 2002 regardless of presidential result. No majority government is arithmetically possible without them.